Things to do in Sofia, Bulgaria: First-timer’s guide

Sofia, the vibrant capital of Bulgaria, is a city where centuries-old history meets modern European culture. Nestled at the foot of Vitosha Mountain, Sofia is often overlooked, but it offers a rich mix of Roman ruins, Orthodox churches, cozy cafes, and lively nightlife. Whether you’re on a Bulgaria vacation or just passing through, there are plenty of things to do in Sofia, Bulgaria that will capture your imagination.

Where Is Sofia?

Sofia lies in the western part of Bulgaria, close to the Serbian border. It’s about 2 hours by car or train from Plovdiv and around 4 hours from the Black Sea coast. Sofia is also a transport hub, with international buses and a growing airport.

Tips for Visiting Sofia

• Use the Sofia Metro for easy travel across the city. It’s clean, reliable, and connects the airport with downtown.
  
• English is widely spoken in tourist areas, but learning a few Bulgarian phrases is appreciated.
  
• Carry some cash, as smaller cafes and shops may not accept cards.
  
• Tap water is safe to drink and often fresher than bottled.
  
• Sofia is generally safe, but stay alert for pickpockets in crowded areas.
  

Best things to do in Sofia, Bulgaria:

1. Explore the Sofia City Center on Foot

Sofia’s compact city center makes it perfect for walking. Start at Vitosha Boulevard, the city’s main shopping and dining street, lined with fashion stores, artisan shops, and sidewalk cafes. From there, stroll past stunning architecture including the National Palace of Culture, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, and the historic Banya Bashi Mosque.

Don’t miss Largo Square, where you can walk among the preserved ruins of ancient Serdica, the Roman city that once stood here, now integrated into the modern metro station. Look out for the stunning yellow brick road near the Presidency, once laid for the royal family, take a photo by the majestic Statue of Saint Sofia and the magnificent Saint Nikolas Russian Church.

2. Visit the Iconic Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

One of the top things to do in Sofia, Bulgaria is to visit Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. This massive Orthodox church is a national symbol and one of the largest of its kind in the world. Its golden domes shine brightly under the sun, while the ornate interior showcases breathtaking chandeliers, icons, and mosaics.

Built in the early 20th century to honor Russian soldiers who died for Bulgaria’s liberation, the cathedral also houses a crypt museum with rare religious artifacts. The surrounding plaza is perfect for photos and often hosts local artists selling religious icons and handmade crafts.

3. Relax in Borisova Gradina Park

This lush urban park is a green escape in the heart of the city and a favorite among locals. Borisova Gradina, established in the 19th century, features peaceful walking trails, flower gardens, and iconic landmarks like the Soviet Army Monument and the Borisova Observatory.

You’ll find locals jogging, cycling, or playing chess under the trees. During summer, the Ariana beer garden opens near the small lake, offering a relaxed atmosphere to enjoy cold drinks and traditional snacks. The park is also home to several stadiums and is a popular spot for weekend family outings and impromptu picnics.

4. See the Changing of the Guard at the Presidency

One of the unique free things to do in Sofia is to watch the ceremonial changing of the guard outside the Presidential Palace. The guards, dressed in red and white traditional uniforms, change posts every hour on the hour. On weekends, there’s a more elaborate version of the ceremony. Located near the Council of Ministers and the Rotunda of St. George, it’s a great spot to experience a slice of Bulgaria’s formal traditions. Stick around to explore the surrounding Largo complex and see some of the city’s most impressive Socialist-era architecture.

5. Take a Free Sofia Walking Tour

A highly-rated option for first-time visitors are Free Sofia Tours. Led by enthusiastic local guides, many of the tours cover many of Sofia’s major landmarks including the National Theater, Saint Sofia Statue, and the Roman ruins of Serdica. You can also hear fun stories, legends, and historical facts that bring the city to life. Many tours operate daily in English and require a reservation. While it’s free, tipping your guide is encouraged. It’s a great way to orient yourself, meet other travelers, and learn insider tips for the rest of your stay.

6. Try Traditional Bulgarian Cuisine

Exploring local food is one of the best things to do in Sofia, Bulgaria. Begin your culinary adventure with a warm banitsa (cheese-filled pastry) and a glass of ayran (yogurt drink). Sample the national salad, shopska, made of tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, and sirene cheese. For mains, try kavarma (meat stew), sarmi (stuffed vine leaves), and grilled kebapche. For dessert, indulge in baklava, or tikvenik, a sweet pumpkin pastry.

Top restaurants for local cuisine include Hadjidraganov’s Houses, Manastirska Magernitsa, and Raketa Rakia Bar. Don’t forget to sample rakia, the traditional fruit brandy, often served with a toast and a smile.

7. Visit the Boyana Church (UNESCO Site)

This medieval church is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the peaceful Boyana neighborhood at the base of Vitosha Mountain. Built in stages between the 10th and 19th centuries, Boyana Church is most famous for its 13th-century frescoes, which are considered precursors of the European Renaissance. The site includes three connected buildings, and a short video presentation gives context to the church’s history and artwork. It’s easily reached by taxi or bus from the city center. Combine your visit with a walk in the nearby Boyana waterfall trail or a stop at the National History Museum.

8. Take a One-Day Trip to Plovdiv

If you have an extra day in your itinerary, take a day trip from Sofia to Plovdiv. Just under 2 hours away by bus, train or car, Plovdiv is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe.

Wander through the Old Town with its cobblestone streets and colorful National Revival houses. Visit the Roman theatre of Philippopolis, which still hosts performances, and explore the trendy Kapana district full of art galleries, cafes, and street art. Plovdiv perfectly combines ancient history with modern Bulgarian culture, making it a must-see beyond Sofia.

Final Thoughts: Why Sofia Belongs on Your Travel List

Sofia is affordable, friendly, and full of surprises. Whether you’re exploring Roman ruins, tasting local food, or hiking Vitosha, this city offers something for everyone. Include it in your Bulgaria vacation and discover a side of Europe that remains off the beaten path.

From ancient churches and mineral springs to vibrant bars and hidden art spaces, Sofia has depth and character that reveal themselves slowly. Give it a few days, dive into its rhythms, and you’ll be glad you did.